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Pharmacology of Infectious Diseases & Immunizations for Advanced Practice Clinicians – Eric Wombwell

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A variety of drug regimen used to treat infectious diseases can be learned from this recording. It can be difficult to choose an antibacterial agent given the number of drugs on the market.

You will learn about the different classes of antimicrobials used to treat infectious disease states. Monitoring therapeutic outcomes can be accomplished with the spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics and parameters. Advances in evidence-based treatment guidelines are emphasized.

You will leave this recording better prepared to design appropriate and cost-effective drug regimen for improved therapeutic outcomes.

1. Analyze the major classes of antibiotics and their pharmacokinetic characteristics.
2. Apply current evidenced-based approaches to select appropriate treatment regimens for common infections encountered in clinical practice.
3. Prescribe antimicrobials based on empiric dosing recommendations.
4. Plan goals of therapy and parameters for monitoring therapeutic response to antimicrobials.
5. Recommend specific antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicities (e.g., vancomycin and aminoglycosides).
6. Develop preventative strategies to limit antimicrobial resistance.
7. Design patient and caregiver education on the proper use of antimicrobials.

There are antimicrobials.

• Drug classes
• Pharmacokinetic Properties
  • Concentration-dependent killing
  • Time-dependent killing
  • Post-antibiotic effect
• Common interactions with other drugs

Antibacterial allergies include Sulfa and Penicillin.

• Define true allergy
• Sulfonamide antibiotics vs non-antibiotics
• Penicillin – Cephalosporin cross-sensitivity

Bacteria

• Differentiation
• Normal flora
• Common pathogens

There are contributing factors to antibacterial resistance.

• Trends
• Mechanisms of resistance
• Contributing factors

Community versus hospital acquired MRSA.

• Differentiating between CA- and HA-MRSA
• Current clinical practice guidelines
• Pharmacologic management

The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae.

• Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)
  • What are ESBLs
  • Pharmacologic management
• Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
  • What are CREs
  • Pharmacologic management

Infections of the urinary tract.

• Bacterial Etiology, Signs and Symptoms and Diagnosis
• Cystitis and pyelonephritis
• Complicated and uncomplicated
• UTIs in pregnancy
• Treatment (IDSA Guideline Treatment Algorithm)
  • Acute
  • Recurrent and relapse

There is a disease called Clostridium difficile Infection.

• Risk factors
• Pharmacology management
• Fecal Transplantation
• Probiotics literature review

Acquired Pneumonia in the community.

• Bacterial etiology
• Diagnosis
• Typical vs. atypical
• Treatment (IDSA/ATS Guidelines) and monitoring
  • Outpatient vs. inpatient
  • Empiric treatment

Pneumonia associated with healthcare.

• Bacterial etiology
• Treatment (IDSA/ATS Guidelines)

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections.

• Sinusitis and pharyngitis
  • Etiology (Viral vs. Bacterial)
  • Treatment

There are skin and soft tissue infections.

• Cellulitis
• Bacterial etiology
  • Strep. vs. Staph. vs. MRSA
  • Signs & symptoms
  • Treatment (IDSA Guidelines)

Influenza

• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Pharmacology management

The immunizations are for adults.

• Types of Vaccines
• General recommendations
• Contraindications & precautions