Outline

Immunology and hematology are related. Transfusion reactions are done by DIC.

• Bleeding usually stops quickly. How do you know when to be concerned?
• Demystify the complex web of clotting
• Most transfusion reactions are minor.

• What if the reaction is immediate/major?
• Do you know what to do?

Cardiovascular disease. Cardiac trauma, aneurysms, and arteriosclerosis are some of the causes of pulse pressure.

• Calculate pulse pressure in a case study
• Recognize audibly and identify anatomic locations for valvular dysfunction (sound examples)
• List key urgent steps to take when you recognize ACS
• My back hurts! My foot is numb! My chest hurts again!
• When is a BP “too” high? Every patient is different…
• Your MVA patient on a M/S floor may look OK on the outside – but inside can be another thing!

Thecrine: Hypoglycemia and Ketoacidosis are included in SIADH.

• Too much water, too little water. What does it all mean?
• Too much insulin, too little insulin. Can’t keep it straight?

The Gastrointestinal. GI, bleed, and abdominal trauma are some of the symptoms of GI.

• 5 tips to correctly identify significant nonspecific abdominal pain
• When confusion is not just getting old!
• All backed up and nowhere to go, can kill your patient. Don’t miss key findings that can save them

Psychosocial: Behavioral. Substance withdrawal.

• Nurses can affect the double “Ds”
• Would you recognize suicide intent in your patient?
• The substance your patient abuses affects the presenting symptoms of withdrawal

The topic of Neurology. Meningitis, Seizure, and Encephalopathy are all related to stroke.

• 5 clues to encephalopathy
• Embolic vs. ischemic stroke
• When the brain swells, the skull leaves no room for guessing. Early s/s of neuro problems
• Seizures may come about suddenly – and sometimes they don’t stop

There is a person who is Renal. There is a life threatening electrolyte imbalance.

• What the kidneys do with all those electrolytes. Why it matters

The lungs: Perfusion, Acute respiratory failure, Status asthmaticus, Pulmonary embolism, Pneumonia, Aspiration, Pneumothorax, Hemothorax.

• Early detection that enough oxygen is not getting to the blood stream
• Toxic substances interfering with oxygen exchange
• Rapid detection of a pneumothorax and hemothorax

The system is multi system. Hypovolemic, Hemorrhagic, SIRS, Sepsis, and Septic shock is an Anaphylactic shock.

• 5 tips to recognizing s/s of early shock and possible etiologies
• Support failing compensatory mechanisms in a deteriorating patient